Prince of Hijaz and Ottoman Empire Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Over the same period, Abdul Aziz managed to extend his rule to other territories; however, he faced a challenge from the competing tribal loyalties. Abdul used the Islam religion to claim a hold on his political conquests; moreover, because of his ability to convince religious leaders, Abdul Aziz was able to exercise absolute discretion with regard to political. During the Al Saud’s reign, tribal politics took precedence in terms of rebuilding the Al Saud’s empire. Abdul Aziz was known to travel with his treasury and delivered gifts, settled scores and this further strengthened his authority. During the tribal revolts, Abdul Aziz was able to convince his opponents to become loyalists and in turn, he promised them protection and a peaceful life. In the first decade of Abdul Aziz’s family rule, another force also emerged in Nejd. This was a group of men from Harb and Mutair tribes, and mainly practiced agriculture and followed Muhammad Ibn Abd al teachings. Relyin g on this source is important in the sense that it examines the life and experiences of the Prince of Hejaz (Mackey 91). Prince of Arabs, by Joel Carmichael This text can be associated with the topic at hand in the sense that it explains Abdul Aziz’s activities during his reign in Hejaz. We will write a custom essay sample on Prince of Hijaz and Ottoman Empire or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now His activities contributed to him gaining fame within Saudi empire. In addition, this article also enables the reader to understand how Abdul Aziz gained political influence (Carmichael 721). Arab nationalism and Islamism: Competitive past, uncertain future, by Adeed Dawisha Relying on the information from this article is significant in terms of allowing the reader to understand the ideological forces that emanates from the Arab world. These ideological forces include nationalism and an emphasis on the Islamic religion. Further, the information in this text is important in understanding the relationship that existed between the Arabs and the Ottoman Empire (Dawisha 79). Unification of Arabia, by Hans Kohn This article allows the reader to learn how Abdul Aziz’s effort of organizing the nomads to become civilized people. In addition, Abdul Aziz also engaged in convincing his people to shift from religious enthusiasm to embracing modern social activity. Abdul Aziz wanted his citizens to embrace civilization that was spreading across the globe after the World War I. The efforts of Aziz in convincing his people to embrace civilization have contributed to an organized Saudi Arabia that is cautious and firmly modernized (Kohn 95).

Essay The Prohibition of the 1920s - 702 Words

During the 1920’s there was an experiment in the U.S. â€Å"The Prohibition†, this experiment, made by the government, was written as the 18th amendment. The prohibition led to the bootlegging, increase in crimes, and gang wars. The experiment consisted in all importing, exporting, transporting, and selling liquor was put to an end. Prohibition had been tried from a lot of time as temperance movements, the movements that tried to stop the alcohol consumption started in the latest 1700’s. The first group that wanted temperance was made by a group of Litchfield, Connecticut in 1789. Evangelical Protestants mainly formed these groups; however, they wanted moderation for preventing drunkenness. The ones who were most affected by†¦show more content†¦There where numerous of places that had secret places to hide alcohol during this time. By 1925 there were at least 3200 speakeasies and stores who sold liquor in order to get some extra income in New York. The smuggling of alcohol was a very good business that involved money. Some of the direct distilling and home brewing were secretly installed in garages, tenements, and warehouses. With the fear of being hijacked, the bootleggers hired gunmen to protect the goods; so illegal gun market was a side effect of the Prohibition that brought big amounts of mo ney. The illegal alcohol and gun market brought gangs to everywhere, these gangs fought constantly to maintain the territory and respect. Chicago and New York where the cities where the Mafia gain more power, gang wars and assassination became an everyday thing. On May 11th, Jim Colosimo was the first of the Chicago mafia bosses to be assassinated. The gang wars began with the simple plan made by the gang bosses. When John Torrio took out their leader â€Å"Big Jim†, he took over the biggest gang in Chicago. John Torrio was the one who saw that this prohibition could be a good opportunity for making money, so he started the bootlegging. John and other gang bosses made a deal to split the City so that everybody had their own place to sell liquor in a territory. However, whenShow MoreRelatedThe Prohibition Of The 1920s Essay1817 Words   |  8 Pages This paper discusses one of the most significant events of the 1920s and 1930s that still affects life to this day, the prohibition. Throughout the modern American, who may be interested in the prohibition and why organized crime was so powerful, discover just that as well as why the prohibition was implemented, who had the most influence, how people viewed one another at the time, and the factors that lead to the prohibitions lack of success. It was a time of struggle between law enforcement, organizedRead MoreThe Prohibition During The 1920s1590 Words   |  7 PagesThe Prohibition during the 1920s has been widely scrutinized and is often used as an example today to show how banning a specific substance after it has been in wide circulation is a wasted effort. Many historians, economists, and Americans have analyzed the complications during the Prohibition and have culminated their thoughts to provide an accurate and in depth analysis of what caused the Prohibition to fail. Simila rly, experts have presented data that shows just how drastically each year differedRead MoreThe Causes of Prohibition (America 1920s)848 Words   |  4 PagesWhy was prohibition introduced in America in the 1920? When federal prohibition was introduced in America with the 18th Amendment to the constitution in 1919 and the Volstead Act in 1920, it was often termed ‘The Nobel Experiment’. It didn’t take long for most people to recognise that the experiment had gone terribly wrong and that it was fostering what it was supposed to eradicate, crime, excess and corruption. But the question is why it was introduced in America in 1920 and to understand thisRead MoreThe Prohibition Of Alcohol During The 1920s1318 Words   |  6 Pagesalcohol industry: the manufacturing, distribution, and selling of liquor was now illegal. This so-called prohibition, which occurred alongside similar events in the U.S., was supposed to greatly improve society by eliminating the source of all of its evils – drunkenness – but instead was one of the greatest political blunders in North American history. Canada’s prohibition of alcohol in the 1920s was a catastrophic failure, giving rise to organized crime and a lasting mindset of subversiveness in theRead MoreProhibition During The 1920 S1655 Words   |  7 PagesDuring the 1920’s, America went through the prohibition era, where alcohol was no longer allowed to be purchased, sold, or drank. People were not pleased with not being allowed to drink alcohol, when they have consumed alcohol for so long. Therefore, people created underground saloons, where they had a type of club. People played music, drink, and have a wonderful time. These places earned their name of â€Å"speakeasies†, because the people who attended the illegal attractions had to be quiet enoughRead MoreWas Prohibition Successful in the 1920s?551 Words   |  2 Pagesand Feminism arose, and among those innovations, the Prohibition in North America was debated most. Some argue that the prohibition is a success because it did half the alcohol consumption and gained status for women. However to me it was unsuccessful, because it ma de unscrupulous people wealthy, did not decrease alcohol abuse, and made citizens disregard the federal law. First, the prohibition significantly encouraged gansterism in the 1920s, when the mafia raised a considerable amount of moneyRead MoreProhibition of the 1920s Essay2301 Words   |  10 PagesThe 1920s was a time of major social change in the United States. The social changes during this period were reflected in the laws and regulations that were brought into play at this time. One of the most prominent examples of this was prohibition. The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, also known as the Volsted Act, which got its name from its sponsor, Representative Andrew Volsted of Minnesota, was created to eliminate the use of alcohol in the United States. In doing this, the proponents of prohibitionRead MoreEffects Of Prohibition In The 1920-19331861 Words   |  8 PagesWhen the prohibition law was passed, it affected many different people in many ways. Prohibition lasted from 1920-1933 during this social experiment it helped us realize as a nation the more serious crimes that were occ urring in our nation. Some disrespected the law, people who broke the law became criminals. Many groups fought to up hold the law of prohibition by keeping immigrants and foreign nations out of the U. S’s affairs. While other groups turned to criminal actions such as violence and murdersRead MoreThe Failure of the Prohibition Act of 19202204 Words   |  9 PagesIn 1919 the Constitution of the United States issued the 18th amendment, enforced into law as the National Prohibition Act of 1920. Prohibition is the banning of the manufacture, sale, and possession of alcohol, including beer and wine. This amendment was repealed with the passing of the 21st amendment to the constitution, allowing the possession of alcohol in the United States. In the City of Washington on Monday, December 5th, 1932 the 21st amendment document included the reestablished rights ofRead MoreProhibition During The Era Of 1920-1933 Essay814 Words   |  4 PagesProhibition Essay: By: Savannah Crawford During the era of 1920-1933 could best be characterized as the path to a sober nation. This time of history consisted of the eighteenth amendment which was passed on October 28th 1919; Volstead Act. The Volstead act was created to carry out the movement of prohibition. In addition, Prohibition is the legal prohibiting of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic drinks for common consumption according to dictionary.com. Furthermore, this amendment concurs that

General Biology Human Perspectives

Questions: 1. What could be happening to George? 2. How should he be treated? 3. Based on what youve learned thus far, what could George have done to help prevent this situation? 4. What factors may be contributing to George's symptoms? Answers: 1. George was running in a hot summer morning. In such a situation, the temperature of the body increases and our sweat glands produce droplets which carry excess heat to the skin surface. With further heating up of our body, it gets more and more dehydrated and enters into the survival mode but maintains the flow of blood into the organs that are essential. Very less blood flows into the GI tract making the person feel nauseous (Dudley, 2013). The overheating happens because of the imbalance that arises as a change in the electrolyte level thus making us dehydrated. In the given problem, George could have been dehydrated. 2. In order to provide treatment to George he needs to be given carbohydrate or electrolyte containing drinks. Certain good choices for sports drinks in this case are Gatorade or replacement solutions like Pedialyte. Also, tepid water can be sprayed using misters on George to facilitate cooling by evaporation. 3. To prevent this situation, George should have taken more fluids in the course of the run. Generally, our body requires 1000 ml of water every 20 kilograms of our body weight. George in the instance has had only a piece of toast and a cup of coffee since the morning. He refrained from taking any other fluids and participated in the run. Thus, what was required of George is that he should have taken more fluids to prevent the mishap. 4. The factors contributing to Georges symptoms are heat exposure associated with too much exercise, lack of proper water intake and electrolyte imbalance in the body (Simmons, 2010). References Dudley, H. (2013). Electrolyte Imbalance.Res Medica,1(4). doi:10.2218/resmedica.v1i4.305 Simmons, S. (2010). Acute dehydration.Nursing,40(1), 72. doi:10.1097/01.nurse.0000365928.03169.ca

Customer Analysis on Equine Industry and Products free essay sample

Due to the range of disciplines and activities covered by this market, targeting just one group could lead to increased sales through word of mouth promotion or competition between sports. Creating a marketing strategy with respect to the product, price, place and promotion (McCarthy, 1960) should maximise sales, brand position and loyalty as well as encouraging repeat sales. It is important to highlight the quality and benefits of the product, as customers will feel more relaxed about a purchasing decision if the risk is reduced (Kalish, 1985: 1569). 2. Rationale for a new product The product idea is a trolley with multi-surface wheels used to transport saddles, bridles and tack such as bandages or boots. It is a modification of an existing trolley in circulation which only carries three saddles (Robinsons, 2009b). By attaching bridle hooks and a small basket it creates a more productive design as more equipment can be carried in one journey. The product fulfils a need for all horse owners and those involved in the tacking up process. It allows saddlery and tack to be easily and safely transported and stored. It eliminates health and safety issues of carrying heavy equipment and the risk of damage to equipment through dropping, falling or improper storage. Equipment can remain clean and dry as it elevated, not left on a damp yard or dirty stable floor. 3. 0 Target market The aim is to launch the product into the equine industry, an extremely large and varied market, its contribution to the wider economy is often ignored (Graham-Suggett, 1999: 31), therefore it is underappreciated and the launch of a new product could prove very profitable. As the industry is so fragmented and dispersed, there is a huge variety horse owners to target all connected by overlapping organisations and governing bodies (Graham-Suggett, 1999: 33). The trolley will be aimed at the average horse owner, of which there are an estimate 1. 3 million in the UK (BETA, 2006: 15), but has the potential to be altered slightly to then be offered to professional riders, riding schools or the racing industry in the future. It is estimated that there are 2,000 livery yards/riding schools, 2,000 breeders and 750 trainers of race horses (BETA, 2006: 15). 3 % of the population of the UK have some interest in the industry, with 11% directly involved either through the sports themselves or as spectators (Defra, 2004: 13). With around ? 4 billion total horse related expenditure in the UK each year, the equine industry is growing both in leisure and competition (BETA, 2006: 19). Similarly, ? 140 ? 170 million was spent on saddlery and tack in 1999 (BETA, 1999: 21) a figure that is only likely to rise with changing fashions and increased interest in the sport. Similarly, the Henley Report (Defra, 2004) outlines key strategies to promote the equine industry both in the UK and international. Therefore, the industry is only likely to develop and grow in the future. A strong market position will be held as there is a greater understanding of the customer’s needs as well as competing with a smaller number of rival brands. It would be uneconomical to launch the product in an undifferentiated market, as it has such as selective appeal (Armstrong Kotler, 2009: 209 210). 4. 0 Rationale for brand position Branding is the way in which businesses add value and individuality in the market place. It allows customers to differentiate between various products on offer (Baines et al, 2008: 374). The trolley would be marketed as more of a niche product, taking a large share of a small part of the market (Blythe, 2005: 86), however relatively value for money, therefore enabling competition on grounds other than price, such as quality and durability of the trolley (Hooley et al, 2004). This is in order to attract a wider cross section of the market. In terms of competition, there is only one similar product in the UK produced by Stubbs Equestrian, costing ? 41. 40 through online sales or Robinsons catalogue (Robinsons, 2009b). The trolley should be branded in a way that will distinguish it as better quality and value including: the physical characteristics of the trolley, it must use superior materials with a more attractive design, the packaging should be eye catching and if it is made recyclable it will give the company a socioeconomically advantage, as a â€Å"green company† (Baines et al, 2008: 383). The brand name should be easy to remember, advertising the product through word of mouth. By registering a trademark, the trolley is protected and greater value added to the company (Hooley et al, 2004). . 0 Marketing mix A mixture of elements used to pursue a particular market response, the aim of the marketing campaign is to maximise sales at as low a cost possible, in McCarthy’s (1960) analysis of the marketing mix cited in (Waterschoot Van de Belte, 1992:84), he describes the 4P’s method these are: 5. 1 Product In order to sustain growth of the brand, Ansoffs (1957:114) matrix can be used as a guide for opportunities, threats and resource requirements (see figure 2). It provides strategic direction for the marketing strategy as the arket penetration section aims to promote high sales volumes in a current market (Brassington Pettitt, 2006:955-957). In respect to the trolley, this means high sales to existing Countrywide customers or members of the equine industry. This can be achieved by demonstrating to customers that the product satisfy their needs and expectations (Blythe, 2005: 141). The customer must perceive the trolley as solving a problem and it’s superiority to other products on the market (Zeithaml, 1988: 4) by using in store promotions such as: demonstration, flyers and leaflets, poster campaigns or competition give away (Jefkins, 1994: 124-126). An alternative strategy would be market development, selling more of the existing product to new markets (Ansoff, 1957:116). After selling to horse owners, other equestrian enthusiasts can be targeted such as: equestrian professionals, riding schools, stud farms and racing yards. In terms of product development, the trolley is a new product being introduced into an existing market (Ansoff, 1957:116) and so purchasing the product entails a lot of risk for the consumer. The higher the service provided, the more valued the product is by the customer (Birgelen et al. 2002: 46-47) and by offering a warranty or after sale service, customers will feel more confident about investing in the product as risk is reduced. Finally, diversification, introduction of a new product to a new market (Ansoff, 1957: 116) the trolley could move away from the equine industry entirely and be marketed to other sectors such as leisure, home or garden. 5. 2 Price Pricing of a new product is crucial for diffusio n into the market, therefore the optimal price must be found in order to maximise sales. As diffusion increase, the market decreases, therefore sales may benefit by dropping the price of the trolley later in the products life. Krishnan et al. (1999: 1656) found that a monotonically declining price policy is most successful in areas of price sensitivity, as there is a level of risk associated with any new product, this seems like the best marketing strategy for the trolley. Therefore, using Rogers (1995) curve of innovation (see figure 3), early adaptors such as equine professionals such as event riders can be targeted with a premium price, as demand falls, the price can be â€Å"skimmed† to encourage the laggards, maximising sales. However, dropping the price could be ineffective, particularly with the uncertainty of the future. A price drop would depend largely on the size of the future market and so the number of customers that would benefit from a price drop (Krishnan et al,. 1999: 1656). Figure 3: Categories of innovation (Roger, 1995) cited by (Baine et al, 2008: 94) Consumers use price as a method of judging a products quality and advantage, there is a positive correlation between price and perceived product quality (Zeithaml, 1988: 10). High quality products have higher profit margins, and so the price of the product must also be high, due to price elasticity (Carpenter, 1987: 212). Similarly, higher priced products are less vulnerable to price cuts from competition or price increase from suppliers (Kamakura, W. Russell, J. 1993: 10). However, a lower priced product would help consumers to become aware of the product as it represents value for money (Yoo, et al. , 2000: 199). 5. 3 Place In store Physical surroundings can play an important role in consumer behaviour as it impacts their perceptions of the store. (Bitner, 1992: 59-60). The store and its staff should provide a welcoming environment to encourage customer loyalty, repeat purchase of the product, and to promote sales through word of mouth. Promotional material could be displayed, drawing attention to trolley as well as positioning it amongst the equine merchandise to maximise sale potential. By placing the product in a widely known country store, it is available where the target customer finds shopping most convenient (Blythe, 2005: 141). Online sales Technological and cultural changes have lead to a huge consumer base using the internet to seek pre-purchase information or online shopping (Alba et al,. 997: 38). Online sales are extremely interactive and can be undertaken anywhere as well as eliminating any physical constraints such as shelf space or product display, due to the nature of consumerism, the consumer could be manipulated with â€Å"interactive decision aids† (Haubl Trifts, 2000: 5) such as search engines, and attracted to the produ ct even when their intention was to purchase something completely different. The online service allows the product to be delivered straight to the customer’s door making it convenient. 5. 4 Promotion All new products are categorised by two stages: awareness and adoption. Awareness can only be achieved by advertising or word of mouth and adoption is conditional of product awareness. Consumers will be willing to pay more for a product if the information received from early adaptors reduces uncertainty (Kalish, 1985: 1569). Advertising can reach a mass audience at a low cost per exposure. It has become part of everyday life and consumers view advertised brands as more legitimate (Armstrong Kotler, 2009:387). However, advertising is expensive and impersonal in comparison to a salesperson. As advertising has become second nature, a lot of people tune it out, not taking in any of the information. It would be more beneficial to target equestrian magazines such as Horse and Hound or British Dressage as they have a higher geographic and demographic selection (Armstong Kotler, 2009 :400), just the equestrian market can be targeted. It will also be displayed amongst other reputable equestrian products, having a positive effect on the reputation. Throughout the year there are a huge number of equestrian events, from open British Dressage and Show Jumping events, open to the average horse rider, to international events such as Badminton or The Horse Of The Year Show attend by professionals and enthusiastic spectators. Demonstrations and trade stands could target the market all in one place, it is flexible with high repeat exposure as customers walk by (Armstrong Kotler, 2009 :400) particularly when a high volume and variety of consumers will attend the events. In store promotion such as leaflets, poster campaigns, demonstrations and displays can be used to attracted consumers attention, promoting sales (Jefkins, 1994: 124-126). 6. 0 Conclusion Equestrian and outdoor stores provide the perfect marketing environment for the trolley as they are everywhere, appealing to the country and leisure market. The product itself appeals to all members of the equestrian community as it is not discipline specific, nor does it age or gender discriminate. It solves a problem suffered by both amateur riders and professionals alike. A promotional campaign through the media and outdoor sales as well as the internet and company website will encourage mass sales of the trolley because of its quality and unique design. By targeting a niche market such as equine, a gap in the market is being for filled as the market itself is often underestimated.

The Fighter free essay sample

I was ten years old when I saw one of the most frightening sights of my life. I was at Tufts Medical Center in Boston, with my mom, my sister, and my grandmother. We were all gathered around my grandfather who was hooked up to numerous amounts of tubes, machines, and IV lines. My grandfather was in the middle of his fight against esophagus cancer and I remember thinking to myself, this is going to be one of the last times that I ever see my grandfather. The part that I did not take into consideration before that thought was; my grandfather has a fierce driving force to live deep down within him. No matter what obstacle is thrown in his way, it is not a question of whether he can get around it; he just wonders when he is going to conquer the problem. A few months later, when my grandfather was at home recovering, my family and I would make daily trips over to see him, since we live about a two minute walk away from each other. We will write a custom essay sample on The Fighter or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The majority of the times we would go over to see him, there would be a visiting nurse taking care of him, he would be sleeping, or he would be in too much pain and agony that my mother would not want us to come inside and see him. But then there were the times that my grandfather and I would sit and watch the Red Sox or just talk about what’s going on hours after my family left. Once summer time rolled around I was always over my grandparents house. I mowed their lawn and did small tasks that needed to be done around the yard. One day my grandfather came outside with me and I figured he was just supervising because I was working near a cluster of thorns. I didn’t notice the pair of clippers he was carrying. He told me that he was going to help me take down the vines that were strangling a group of trees. I was completely surprised and excited for us to be working together. From this moment on, every time I do a project at his house, he is right there next to me, even if he is sitting under a tree in the shade, while watching me work. All of my aunts, uncles, and cousins often say that I am the one that keeps my grandfather going because he’s always outside doing something with me. I know that he is a fighter and will never give up on anything that gets in his way.

Silver Linings Playbook Bipolar DIsorder Essays

Silver Linings Playbook Bipolar DIsorder Essays Silver Linings Playbook Bipolar DIsorder Essay Silver Linings Playbook Bipolar DIsorder Essay As the term bipolar disorder suggests, afflicted individuals also experience the poop site of mania depression. The result is an oscillation between extreme mood states that is o ten accompanied by severe distress and impairment and requires consistent and intensive med action management (the traditional remedy is a mood stabilizer such as Lithium, although many to her classes of drugs have been shown to be effective for its treatment). In the role of Pat Jar. Bradley Cooper (best known for his role in the raunchy Hangover films) shows hurtfulnesss range and talent. As is often the case with individual s with bipolar disorder, he plays Pat Jar. As remarkably charismatic and intense. Despite this, the portrayal of bipolar disorder is a mixed bag. Only in one terrific scene when Pat Jar. Obsess veal finishes a classic novel and storms into his parents bedroom in the middle of the night t o deliver a rapider rant about the books ending do we see a true manifestation of the d crosier. Throughout most of the rest of the film, his tendency toward verbal and physic cal aggression and his obsessive thought patterns are the primary symptoms on display. Although h these symptoms are not atypical of bipolar disorder, they are hardly the hallmarks and overlap with a wide range of other pathologies. There is nothing particularly dishonest or blatantly niacin rate about the depiction, but it pales in comparison to others that have been captured on fill m and television. The relationship between Pat Jar. And Tiffany is an extremely Odd one. It involve sees enormous deceit, a fair amount of stalking, and offensive, blunt, and callous barbs repeat deadly flung back and forth. Despite this, the incredible chemistry of Cooper and Lawrence (and some sharp writing) makes the audience root for them to fall in love. But is that really a g DOD idea? A great deal of work in evolutionary and social psychology has focused on the factors that go into our election of potential mates. We know that individuals across cultures and thro ought history are attracted to others who share our attitudes, values, and various other character restricts. (If we want to speak in clicks, the research concludes that in general birds of a feather FL sock together, not that opposites attract. ) We also know that individuals with mental illness are more likely to have unstable and unsuccessful romantic relationships and that this is nana cede when both individuals have mental illness.

Finance & Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Finance & Accounting - Essay Example Wallace defines Tests of Reasonableness "as non-statistical models using operating or external data as well as financial data to predict an amount under examination" (Wallace, 1994, Section on Evaluating Analytical Procedures). As Wallace illustrates, Tests of Reasonableness include accounting and non-accounting variables in the model, with the aim of enhancing "the reliability of a test of reasonableness compared to single variable and financial ratio analysis." On the company's purchases, the going-rate for the exchange rate between UK and the import country source's respective currencies, multiplied by the average volume of clothing purchases, can be used to evaluate the reasonableness of the current month's purchases. For the company's sales, the average sales of a retail clothing company of similar size, multiplied by the company's average monthly sales volume, can be used to test the reasonableness of the current month's sales. Lastly, the average salary (including commission) of employees who work in similar industries (of the same size) in England, multiplied by the company's total number of employees, can be used to check the reasonableness of the company's wage expenses. Wallace explains that Financial Ratio Analysis "tend... of a retail clothing company of similar size, multiplied by the company's average monthly sales volume, can be used to test the reasonableness of the current month's sales. Lastly, the average salary (including commission) of employees who work in similar industries (of the same size) in England, multiplied by the company's total number of employees, can be used to check the reasonableness of the company's wage expenses. Financial Ratio Analysis Wallace explains that Financial Ratio Analysis "tends to be more effective than single-component procedures because it explicitly considers interrelationships among financial variables" (Wallace, 1994, Section on Evaluating Analytical Procedures). This approach entails comparing one entry in the financial statements versus another entry, to draw implications regarding the company's financial or operational state. For example, a low net income-to-sales or gross margin ratio can possibly suggest that the company is losing significant amounts of money in its operations, because its operating expenses cannot justify the sales and revenues that it is receiving. Comparing these ratios against industry benchmarks can suggest how well the company is faring, against the whole retail clothing industry. Moreover, the ratios 'days sales in receivables,' 'days sales in inventory,' and 'inventory turnover' can give an idea of the efficiency of its collection efforts on its receivables, as well as how fast it needs to replenish its inventory to keep up with periodic demands. Regression Analysis Regression Analysis "involves the creation of a model using operating and external data as well as financial data" (Wallace, 1994, Section on Evaluating Analytical Procedures). This type of analysis, however, is more precise than the basic